Includes cerium (Ce), lanthanum (La), neodymium (Nd), and praseodymium (Pr).These elements are used as phosphors (light-emitting substances) in energy-efficient light sources, such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and compact fluorescent light bulbs. Some of the REE have luminescent properties, meaning they give off light when stimulated by electromagnetic radiation.Includes europium (Eu), yttrium (Y), erbium (Er), and neodymium (Nd).– guidance systems on aircraft and missiles A neodymium magnet can store about 18 times more magnetic energy than an iron magnet of the same volume.Includes neodymium (Nd), dysprosium (Dy), and samarium (Sm).More reading check out Visual Elementsįor more explanation of lithium, cobalt or nickel check out these posts. Supply is mostly from China, but expect change over the next decades. Rare earth elements are used in electric motors but in other products as well. ion-adsorption clay deposits ( Geoscience Australia).placer deposits with monazite-xenotime mineralisation.Mineral resources of REE are mostly mined from four geological environments:
However, it is not common for them to occur in concentrations sufficient to support commercial mining operations. Cerium is the 25th most abundant crustal element and lutetium, the scarcest REE, is about the 60th most abundant. Scandium and yttrium are not part of the lanthanide family, but end-users include them because they occur in the same mineral deposits as the lanthanides and have similar chemical properties.Īlthough these elements are referred to as rare they are not particularly rare in the earth’s crust.
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